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New Test Brings Hope to Heart Transplant Patients

MEEFRO June 10, 2023

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However, because our hearts age at different rates and age alone may not correctly reflect heart health, Newcastle University scientists are working on developing a test that can quickly evaluate whether a donor’s heart is still suitable for transplantation.

This innovative test has the potential to increase the pool of available hearts and save the lives of around 320 people currently awaiting a life-saving heart transplant.

The research has shown that people with heart disease have more senescent – or ‘zombie’ – cells than those without after they found higher levels of ‘zombie’ cell markers in their blood.

Zombie Cells Could Make Your Heart Beat Stronger

‘Zombie’ cells aren’t dead, but they don’t work as they should. They release molecules that can impact neighboring cells, turning these into ‘zombie’ cells too. They also increase the amount of inflammation and cause scar tissue to form in the heart muscle. This raises the risk of developing heart and circulatory diseases.

The team now wants to find out more about the ‘signature’ that ‘zombie’ cells leave in the blood and what that signature tells them about the biological as opposed to the chronicle age of the heart. They think that a blood test to look for this signature in older potential donors could reveal those who have biologically young, healthy hearts that might be suitable for transplant.

Promising Test Raises Prospects for Heart Transplant Recipients

Dr. Gavin Richardson, Senior lecturer and lead of the Vascular Medicine and Biology Theme at Newcastle University, is leading the research. He said:

“Our work is revealing more about the clues that ‘zombie’ cells leave to suggest their presence in the body. We are confident that we will be able to use these clues to better understand which hearts from non-eligible donors might be able to be used after all.

“This could be a game changer – as currently most hearts from older donors are not used for transplant, but the hope is we will be able to show that a number of these organs are suitable for transplant for people desperately waiting for a new heart.”

When they looked at human heart cells in a dish, the researchers saw that the ‘zombie’ cells secrete higher levels of a protein called GDF15 compared to healthy cells.

Using blood samples from 774 people aged over 85, the researchers then found higher levels of the GDF15 protein in the blood of people with heart disease than people without – suggesting that their hearts contain more ‘zombie’ cells.

The increase in GDF15 levels in the blood of people with heart disease was similar to that of another protein that is already used to diagnose heart failure – which made the researchers confident that they would be able to identify the cells associated with senescence.

The team also looked at the RNA in cells from eight donor hearts. RNA – short for ribonucleic acid – is similar to DNA and tells cells which proteins to make depending on the genes that are turned on. When researchers looked at another marker in these hearts linked to ‘zombie’ cells – called p21 – they found a strong link between this and another marker of heart and circulatory diseases.

The researchers believe these two molecules will form part of the ‘zombie’ cell signature that could be detected through tissue or blood tests. They’re now using blood and tissue samples from the Quality in Organ Donation biobank and NHS Blood and Transplant to look for this signature and find out whether it’s linked to better transplant outcomes.

Professor James Leiper, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation, said: “We are facing a heart failure epidemic with nearly one million people in the UK living with this condition – and for a small but significant number of these people the only cure we can offer is a heart transplant.

“We urgently need more hearts available for transplant, so it is very encouraging to hear about the work Dr. Richardson and his colleagues are doing to help meet this demand.”

Derek Manas, Medical Director for Transplantation, at NHS Blood and Transplant said: “With the need for organ donation and transplantation to happen quickly, it is helpful to explore the ways that new technologies and tests can help us assess the suitability of organs for transplant. For many reasons, hearts from donors of any age are often not suitable for transplant, so we are keen to support any research which may help us increase the number of hearts suitable for transplantation, save more lives and improve outcomes for those who are waiting.”

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