Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a type of blood cancer characterized by a stem cell disorder where the production of healthy red blood cells goes wrong. There are no curative treatments for these patients, but some medications do help to slow the progression of the disease.
People with this disease often go on to develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and around half of the people become resistant to existing treatments for MDS within 18 months to two years of treatment. These patients are heavily reliant on red blood cell transfusions which can be painful and dangerous due to iron overload in the blood. This means it is important to uncover new ways to treat this disease and prevent the progression of leukemia.
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Vitamin B5 : Key in Improving Myelodysplastic Syndrome Care
In this study published in Science Translational Medicine, the scientists analyzed blood samples from 42 people with MDS. They found that the enzyme COASY is critical in regulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Partial loss of the enzyme in MDS patients severely disrupts red blood cell production leading to anemia.
They then tested whether they could boost red blood cell production using treatments including vitamin B5 supplementation. Treatments with vitamin B5 or another metabolite, succinyl-CoA, increased the maturation of red blood cells.
Current treatments for MDS are often associated with reduced quality of life as well as an increased risk of progression to leukemia. Understanding the biology behind this stem cell disorder is key to unlocking new treatments of the future.
The next steps will be to further investigate how to boost red blood cell production and work towards testing new treatments in clinical trials. Given our elderly population is increasing and age is the dominant risk factor for the development of MDS, they will start to see more and more people with this type of blood cancer.
Anemia-related symptoms, such as chronic fatigue, are commonly reported in MDS and the current red blood cell transfusions, although essential, come with potential complications, and also require substantial human and financial resources.
Therefore, we must find alternative ways to regulate long-term red blood cell production in these patients. Our results may also potentially help with treatments of other diseases where patients commonly present with anemia.
Source: Eurekalert
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