In addition to being almost universal, pain is also a complex experience influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. So adequate pain management requires more than biological treatments alone, such as analgesic medications.
There are then several approaches that focus on the biopsychosocial factors that influence pain, including psychosocial, complementary, and integrative approaches. Previous studies confirm the usefulness of hypnosis, mindfulness meditation, and prayer as useful practices in the self-management of chronic pain in adults.
However, their effects on acute pain have been less investigated, and there has not yet been any study that has compared the immediate effects of these three approaches on the experience of acute pain.
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The study involved the participation of 232 healthy adults. The pain was induced in the participants by wrapping the forearm and hand in a cold compress (Cold Pressor Arm Wrap – CPAW) for up to 5 minutes at the most and assessing their pain tolerance, the intensity of pain, as well as heart rate variability as a physiological marker of stress.
After a rest period, participants listened to a 20-minute recording of guided hypnosis, mindfulness meditation, suggesting a Christian prayer, or reading a natural history book (control condition) depending on the group they were randomly assigned to.
After this session, the participants underwent a second session of CPAW, during which they listened to up to 5 minutes of the recording and their cardiac function was monitored.
The results suggest that a single brief session of hypnosis and mindfulness meditation, but not Ignatian Christian prayer based on biblical meditation, may be useful for acute pain self-management, with hypnosis being the slightly superior option.
In the future, researchers should compare the effects of different types of prayer and examine the predictors and moderators of the effects of hypnosis and mindfulness on the experience of acute pain.
Source: Eurekalert
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