Neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are the final mature cells of the brain and spinal cord formed by neural
. Each has distinct and key functions. Neurons transmit signals, astrocytes help modify those signals, and oligodendrocytes keep the signals from degrading. When any cells make
that end up on the cell surface, they often add small sugar molecules. The team tested whether this internal process – called glycosylation – affects how neural stem cells form mature brain cells.
Neural stem cells that don’t have MGAT5 make more neurons and fewer astrocytes during the very early stages of brain development, altering its structure. These changes may contribute to later aberrant behavior patterns, including abnormal social interactions and repetitive actions.
Glycosylation and Neural Stem Cells
“Now that we know MGAT5 and glycosylation have a substantial impact on neuron and astrocyte formation, we have a better idea of how our nervous system develops,” said corresponding author Lisa Flanagan, professor of neurology in UCI’s School of Medicine. “We hope these findings will contribute to the use of neural stem cells for therapeutic purposes by providing new information about the factors regulating these cells.” (1✔ ✔Trusted Source
Regulation of neural stem cell differentiation and brain development by MGAT5-mediated N-glycosylation
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It was known that neural stem cells respond to the external signals they encounter during development. But it was not known whether neural stem cells could modify their responses to those signals. The team analyzed the role of glycosylation enzymes in brain maturation by comparing control mice to those whose neural stem cells did not have the MGAT5 enzyme. It found that neural stem cells use glycosylation to manage their reactions to external signals and regulate the development of mature brain cells.
“As we continue our work, we hope to determine which cell surface proteins and pathways controlled by glycosylation are critical for neuron and astrocyte formation,” Flanagan said. “This will give us better insight into the external signals significantly modified by neural stem cell glycosylation, which will, in turn, help to decode the complex processes that occur during brain development and expand the therapeutic usefulness of neural stem cells.”
The team included researchers from the School of Medicine’s departments of anatomy & neurobiology, neurology, and pathology & laboratory medicine as well as The Henry Samueli School of Engineering’s Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center.
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under awards IOS-2019400 and IOS-1254060; by the National Institutes of Health under award T32 NS082174; and by a Brython Davis Fellowship.
Reference :
- Regulation of neural stem cell differentiation and brain development by MGAT5-mediated N-glycosylation – (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37172586/)
Source: Eurekalert
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